{"id":4364,"date":"2021-06-16T07:59:59","date_gmt":"2021-06-16T07:59:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ledercenter.si\/?page_id=4364"},"modified":"2021-06-16T08:06:27","modified_gmt":"2021-06-16T08:06:27","slug":"starodobniki","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ledercenter.si\/at\/leksikon\/starodobniki\/","title":{"rendered":"Starodobniki"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Starodobniki – definicija<\/h2>\n

Za starodobnike ozna\u010dujemo vozila, obi\u010dajno osebne avtomobile, ki stara vsaj tridest let in so tako po izgledu kot tudi po tehni\u010dni specifikaciji ustrezajo standardom obdobja, v katerem so bila narejena. Za status stardobnika ni nujno potrebno, da vozilo ustreza varnostnim in voznim zahtevam, saj so v veliki meri to razstavni eksponati, ki se sami ve\u010d ne premikajo. Za starodobnike, ki pa se uporabljajo v vsakodnevnem prometu, pa je potreben pregled tehni\u010dne ustreznosti in morajo ustrezati stopnji ohranjenost, saj lahko le tako dobijo ustrezno dovoljenje za vo\u017enjo v prometu. Tako registrirana vozila v Nem\u010diji imajo \u010drko H na registrski tablici.<\/p>\n

Leta 2011 je bilo v Nem\u010diji registriranih ali za\u010dasno odjavljenih pribli\u017eno 380.000 vozil starej\u0161ih od tridest let (leta 2006 pa 300.000). V \u0160vici je bila ta \u0161tevilka leta 2008 pribli\u017eno 60.000 vozil. \u0160tevilo starodobnikov po prebivalcu je tako v \u0160vici enkrat vi\u0161je kot v Nem\u010diji.<\/p>\n

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Dobro ma\u0161\u010deno usnje se ne skr\u010di tako hitro kot slabo ma\u0161\u010deno usnje. Na\u010din strojenja usnja tudi vpliva na ob\u010dutljivost do kr\u010denja. Tradicionalno rastlinsko strojeno usnje se pri\u010dne kr\u010diti pri 70 stopinjah.. To zveni kot zelo visoka temperatura, katera pa se zelo hitro prese\u017ee v primeru, da se kabriolet \u010drnimi mokrimi usnjenimi sede\u017ei za su\u0161enje postavi na pripekajo\u010de sonce. Usnje se takrat dobesedno skuha. Moderni na\u010dini strojenja s kromom, prestavijo mejo kr\u010denja usnja precej navzgor in sicer od 90 pa vse do 110 stopinj, preden opazimo spremembe. Poptebno pa je povedati, da se krom strojeno usnje sicer pri\u010dne kasneje kr\u010diti , kot rastlinsko strojeno usnje a takrat z ve\u010djo intenzivnostjo. Sinteti\u010dno strojeno usnje se pri\u010dne kr\u010diti sicer \u017ee pri 75 stopinjah a ne tako intenzivno kot pri krom usnje. Tudi vla\u017enost usnja vpliva na mejno temperaturo pri kateri se usnje za\u010den kr\u010diti. Suho usnje je bolj neob\u010dutljivo kot vla\u0107no usnje. Ker pa usnje vpija vlago iz okolja, je ta dejavnik potrebno upo\u0161tevati, \u0161e posebej pri kriti\u010dni uporabi.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][fusion_imageframe image_id=”4367|full” max_width=”” sticky_max_width=”” style_type=”” blur=”” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”none” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align_medium=”none” align_small=”none” align=”center” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” lightbox_image_id=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=”” filter_hue=”0″ filter_saturation=”100″ filter_brightness=”100″ filter_contrast=”100″ filter_invert=”0″ filter_sepia=”0″ filter_opacity=”100″ filter_blur=”0″ filter_hue_hover=”0″ filter_saturation_hover=”100″ filter_brightness_hover=”100″ filter_contrast_hover=”100″ filter_invert_hover=”0″ filter_sepia_hover=”0″ filter_opacity_hover=”100″ filter_blur_hover=”0″]https:\/\/www.ledercenter.si\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/250px-Oldtimerkennz.jpg[\/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” font_size=”” line_height=”” letter_spacing=”” text_color=”” content_alignment_medium=”” content_alignment_small=”” content_alignment=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” sticky_display=”normal,sticky” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Nem\u0161ka registerska tablica za starodobnike. Slika:\u00a0ThorstenS<\/a>, Lizenz: GNU 1.2<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Razredi Starodobnikov<\/span><\/h2>\n

Trenutno se za kategorizacijo oz. razvrstitev starosti starodobnikov, predvsem na podro\u010dju avtomobilskih klubov, uporablja sedemstopenjski sistem. Ta se uporablja na mednarodni ravni. Skupine so slede\u010de:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Razred<\/th>\nOznaka<\/th>\nLetnik izdelave<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
A<\/td>\nAncestor<\/td>\nbis 1904<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B<\/td>\nVeteran \/ Edwardians \/ Cesarjevi \u010dasi<\/td>\n1905 – 1918<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C<\/td>\nVintage<\/td>\n1919 – 1930<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
D<\/td>\nPost Vintage<\/td>\n1931 – 1945<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
E<\/td>\nPost War<\/td>\n1946 – 1960<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
F<\/td>\nGospodarski \u010dude\u017e<\/td>\n1961 – 1970<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G<\/td>\nYoungtimer<\/td>\n1971 – 1980, v\u010dasih tudi do 1990<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Pri izrazu\u00a0Youngtimer<\/b>\u00a0oz. mladodobnik je potrebo dodati, da je \u010dasovno obdobje samo pribli\u017eno. V\u010dasih ozna\u010dujemo za mladodobnike tudi vozila stara 15 let, ki so bila narejena v za\u010detku 1990. V tem primeru govorimo za vozila narejena med 1971 in 1980 za prvo generacijo, vozila narejena med 1981 in 1990 pa za drugo generacijo mladodobnikov. Prva generacija se od druge razilke predvsem po tem, da je v celotni koli\u010dini mladodobnikov (pribli\u017eno 1. Mio) redko vidna na cestah (podatki za Nem\u010dijo).<\/p>\n

Pomembno je ali se model \u2018\u2018ozna\u010duje\u2018\u2018 kot starodobnik, mladodobnik ali le kot rabljeno vozilo. Natan\u010dnej\u0161a definicija ni mogo\u010da. V avomobilskih klubih in dru\u0161tvih se dr\u017eijo definicije, da je avtomobil starodobnik, \u010de se je izdeloval v \u010dasu njihovega rojstva in ni ve\u010d viden v vsakodnevnem prometu. Posebne lastnosti, kot je oblika karoserije, tehni\u010dne posebnosti, redkost modela in oprema, se upo\u0161tevajo pri definiciji.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ocena stanja<\/span><\/h2>\n

Podobno kot v \u0161oli se stanja starodobnika ocenjuje z 1 do 6 (6 najslab\u0161a).<\/p>\n

Ocena 1 ustreza vozilu, ki je bilo popolnoma in skrbno restavrirano. Pomembno je da je bilo uporabljanih veliko originalnih delov, s katereimi je bilo vozilo prvotno opremeljeno. To je \u0161e posebej pomembno pri delih kot je motor ali manjalnik. Zunanja in notranja barva morajo biit enak kot v \u010dasu proizvodnje. Ocena 2 tukaj so lahko vidne rahle sledi uporabe, naprimer na pedalih ali na barvi. Tudi la\u017eje tehni\u010dne spremembe so dovoljene, vendar se mora enostavno vzpostaviti prvotno dtanje. Rja ni dovoljena. Pri vozilih z oceno 3 je rja sicer dovoljena, vendar na na nosilnih delih. Tudi motor ne rabi bit originalen, vendar mora bit enakega tipa in enake mo\u010di kot je originalen. Zna\u010dilnost vozil z oceno 3 je, da so \u0161e vedno varna za vo\u017enjo v prometu. To pri starodobnikih z oceno 4 ni ve\u010d primer. Tak\u0161na vozila so praviloma primeri za restavracijo. Starodobniki z oceno 5 so v \u0161e slab\u0161em stanju, a so \u0161e primerni za ureditev. A le v primeru, da so rezervni deli po razli\u010dnih kanalih \u0161e na voljo. Ocena 6 so vozila, ki so primerna samo \u0161e za odpad.<\/p>\n

Usnje v starodobnikih<\/h2>\n

Usnje v starodobnikih se skozi leta stara in dobi zna\u010dilne po\u0161kodbe. Te\u017eave so razli\u010dne od splo\u0161ne umazanije, preko plesni do razpok in zlomov na izsu\u0161eni povr\u0161ini usnja.<\/p>\n

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Usnje v oldtimerjih je v razli\u010dnem stanju. Nekatera so kot nova, druga imajo veliko patine.<\/i>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u017de prva vozila na motorni pogon so imela usnjene sede\u017ee \u2013 dedi\u0161\u010dina \u0161e iz \u010dasov, ko so bile tudi ko\u010dije podobno opremljene. Prvotno je to bilo rastlinsko strojeno goveje usnje brez povr\u0161inske barve, ki je bilo podobno kot sedla impregnirano z oljem ali ma\u0161\u010dobo. A \u017ee zelo kmalu se je za\u010delo uporabljati povr\u0161insko obarvano gladko usnje. Tak\u0161no usnje je manj ob\u010dutljivo na vremenske vplive in na umazanijo. Vse do 70 oz. 80 let je bilo tak\u0161no usnje obi\u010dajno. Tak\u0161na povr\u0161insko oborvana, rastlinsko strojena usnja spoznamo po rjavi barvi na zadnji strani. V tem \u010dasu je nastala tudi edina splo\u0161no poznana blagovna znamka avtomobilskega Connolly, ki je bila sinonim za zelo kvalitetno rastlinsko strojeno usnje.<\/p>\n

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Pri rastlinsko strojenem usnju se je obarvala samo povr\u0161ina, zato se pri obravi pojavi rjava barva usnja.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Po tem \u010dasu, je krom strojenje postalo industrijski standard, in je izrinilo rastlinsko strojenje. Danes prakti\u010dno ni ve\u010d rastlinsko strojenega avtomobilskega usnja. Nekateri proizvajalci, kot naprimer Audi, pa namesto krom strojenja uporabljajo sinteti\u010dno strojenje. Razlike ne vidimo in ne ob\u010dutimo.<\/p>\n

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Levo in desno Starodobnik z novim usnjem \u2013 Ni patine (Sredinska slika)<\/i><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Na\u010din strojenja pa je pomeben pri zelo raz\u0161irjeni te\u017eavi starega usnja, kr\u010denje in otrdelost. Usnje otrdi zaradi pomanjkanja nege in posledi\u010dno izsu\u0161itve, saj usnje izgubi notranjo ma\u0161\u010dobo. Ta proces se \u0161e pospe\u0161i, ker se usnje na vro\u010dini skr\u010di. Ko je usnje enkrat skr\u010deno se ne da ve\u010d popraviti, sicer se lahko ob uporabi ustreznih negovalnih sredstev se usnje lahko zmeh\u010da, ne more se pa ve\u010d raztegnit.<\/p>\n

Tradicionalno strojeno usnje se za\u010den kr\u010diti pri 70 stopinjah. To sicer zveni kot visoka temperatura, ki pa se hitro dose\u017ee, \u010de se kabriolet s temnim usnjem parkira na soncu, da bi se usnje posu\u0161ilo po de\u017eju. Usnje se takrat dobesedno skuha. Moderno, krom strojeno usnje, dvigne to temperaturo na 90 do 100 stopinj. Potrebno pa je omeniti, da se negovana usnja veliko kasneje kr\u010dijo kot zanemarjena usnja.<\/p>\n

Sejmi starodobnikov<\/h2>\n

\n

Vsepovsod, kjer so prijatelji starodobnikov, tam so tudi sejmi starodobnikov. V Nem\u010diji poznajo dve vrsti sejmov. Presti\u017eni sejmi kot Essen, Stuttgart ali Bremen in pa enostavnej\u0161i kot sta Mannheim ali Ulm. Sejem v Essnu je s pribli\u017eno 120.000 najve\u010dji. Stuttgart sledi s pribli\u017eno 60.000 obiskovalci. Med enostavnej\u0161imi pa je prvi Mannheim. Obstaja pa \u0161e cela vrsta podobnih sejmov. Ve\u010d o sejmih je mo\u010d prebrati v ustrezni literaturi. Podobni sejmi se najdejo po celotni Evropi.<\/p>\n

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